Farmakografija je znanost o pravilnom načinu propisivanja lijekova na recepte. Obuhvata načela opće farmakologije, opis ljekovitih sredstava prema izboru oblika lijeka i načinu djelovanja, te način i vrijeme uzimanja lijekova.

Medicinske papiruse pisali su pisari i prepisivači po narudžbi liječnika i to najčešće hijeratičnim pismom.

Pisani su crnilom, a crvenilom su obično pisali količinske podatke koji su se navodili iza naziva droge (ljekovite supstance).

Jedan od najdužih i najdetaljnijih recepata je tzv. „da pomladiš čovjeka“, a opisuje pripremu masti za uklanjanje bora s lica.

Na kraju recepta propisana je primjedba o toploti ljekovitog napitka, o vremenu kada i koliko puta bolesnik treba uzimati lijek.

Neki od opisa su:

• „toplota prsta“ – toplota koju podnosi prst kada se uroni u tekućinu
• „ugodna toplota“ ili „podrgijani“ lijek

Instrukcije za pripremu lijeka su glasile:

• „neka se usitni“
• „neka se smiješa“
• „neka se napravi mast“

Stari Egipćani su usavršili proces fermentacije, pa su tako koristili vina, pivo ili mlijeko kao vehikulume za tečne lijekovite pripravke.

Med su koristili kao ekscipient za inkorporiranje čvrstih ljekovitih supstanci u pilule, a vosak su koristili za pripremu masti.

Od farmaceutskih formulacija koristili su infuzume, dekokte, grgljače, inhalacije, pilule, supozitorije, losione i plastere.

___________________________

Pharmacography is the science of the correct way of prescribing prescription drugs. It includes the principles of general pharmacology, the description of medicinal products according to the choice of drug form and mode of action, as well as the method and time of taking the drugs.

Medical papyri were written by scribes and transcribers on the orders of doctors, usually in hieratic script.

They were written in black, and quantitative data were usually written in red, which were listed after the name of the drug (medicinal substance).

One of the longest and most detailed recipes is the so-called “to rejuvenate a man”, and it describes the preparation of an ointment to remove wrinkles from the face.

At the end of the prescription, there is a note about the heat of the medicinal drink, about the time when and how many times the patient should take the medicine.

Some of the descriptions are:

• “finger heat” – the heat that a finger endures when it is immersed in a liquid
• “pleasant heat” or “twitchy” medicine
• The instructions for the preparation of the medicine were as follows
• “let it crumble„
• “let it mix„
• “let the ointment be made”

The ancient Egyptians perfected the fermentation process, so they used wines, beer or milk as vehicles for liquid medicinal preparations.

They used honey as an excipient to incorporate solid medicinal substances into pills, and used wax to prepare ointments.

From pharmaceutical formulations, they used infusions, decoctions, gargles, inhalations, pills, suppositories, lotions and plasters.